Recent Literature

The goal of the medical education literature review is to highlight important and relevant articles which we hope educate and enrich our members. The articles are curated quarterly by members of the AUPO Directors of Medical Student Education Council Literature Review Committee.

The Relationship Between Program and Applicant Characteristics With Applicant Program Signals in the 2022 Residency Recruitment Cycle: Findings From 3 Specialties

Jennifer LaFemina, Ilana S Rosman, Sara L Wallach, Paul E Wise, Douglas S Smink, Laura Fletcher
Apr 2024

Purpose: Continuing increases in application volume have driven a national dialogue to reform the residency recruitment process. Program signaling allows applicants to express interest in a program at the preinterview stage with the goal of helping programs identify applicants with more genuine interest in their programs. This study explored the relationship between program signals and program and applicant characteristics.

Impact of Applicants' Characteristics and Geographic Connections to Residency Programs on Preference Signaling Outcomes in the Match

William J Benjamin, Nicholas R Lenze, Lauren A Bohm, Marc C Thorne, Reeni Abraham, Dan Sepdham, Angela P Mihalic, Robbi A Kupfer
Apr 2024

Purpose: To assess the impact of applicant and residency program characteristics on preference signaling outcomes in the Match during the first 2 years of implementation across 6 specialties.

Leveraging ChatGPT for ophthalmic education: A critical appraisal

Bharat Gurnani and Kirandeep Kaur
Mar 2024

In recent years, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed many sectors, including medical education. This editorial critically appraises the integration of ChatGPT, a state-of-the-art AI language model, into ophthalmic education, focusing on its potential, limitations, and ethical considerations. The application of ChatGPT in teaching and training ophthalmologists presents an innovative method to offer real-time, customized learning experiences.

A Systematic Review of Ophthalmology Education in Medical Schools: The Global Decline

Spencer SKR, Ireland PA, Braden J, Hepschke JL, Lin M, Zhang H, Channell J, Razavi H, Turner AW, Coroneo MT, Shulruf B, Agar A
Jan 2024

Topic: This systematic review examined geographical and temporal trends in medical school ophthalmology education in relationship to course and student outcomes. Clinical relevance: Evidence suggesting a decline in ophthalmology teaching in medical schools is increasing, raising concern for the adequacy of eye knowledge across the rest of the medical profession.

Self-Reported Perceptions of Preparedness Among Incoming Ophthalmology Residents

Lin BR, Nguyen G, Sridhar J, Cavuoto K
Dec 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the self-perceived preparedness of incoming postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) and postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) ophthalmology interns/residents to carry out core competencies in ophthalmology.

Predictors of Ophthalmology Resident Performance From Medical Student Application Materials

Tooley AA, Law J, Lelli GJ, Sun G, Godfrey KJ, Tran AQ, Kim E, Solomon JM, Chen JJ, Khan AR, Wayman L, Olson JH, Lee MS, Harrison AR, Espinoza GM, Davitt BV, Tao J, Hodge DO, Barkmeier AJ
Nov 2023

Objective: To determine whether elements in ophthalmology residency applications are predictors of future resident performance. Design: This multi-institutional, cross-sectional, observational study retrospectively reviewed the residency application materials of ophthalmology residents who graduated from residency from 2006 through 2018. Resident performance was scored by 2 faculty reviewers in 4 domains (clinical, surgical, academic, and global performance).

Relative Importance of Applicant Characteristics in Ophthalmology Residency Interview Selection: A Survey of Program Directors

Samuel A. Cohen, Suzann Pershing
Jul 2022

Introduction: Ophthalmology residency positions remain competitive. A lack of clarity regarding which residency selection criteria are prioritized by program directors can heighten the stress associated with the match process. While surveys of program directors in several other medical specialties have been conducted to identify the most important residency selection criteria, there is limited data on selection criteria used by ophthalmology residency program directors.

Impact of Social Media on Applicant Perspectives of Ophthalmology Residency Programs

Sanket S. Shah, Sravya Veligandla, Christopher Compton, Hasenin Al-khersan, Jayanth Sridhar
Jul 2022

Purpose: This article evaluates the relevance of social media to ophthalmology residency applicants in the setting of virtual interviews, the types of information sought by applicants, and the impact of rebranding of an institutional and departmental social media account. 

Participants: Ophthalmology residency applicants from the 2020 to 2021 cycle.

Ophthalmology Education Leadership Attitudes Toward Mentorship of Female Medical Students

Paul M, Dweck M, Chadha N
Nov 2022

Purpose: Numerous studies have emphasized the influence of gender-specific mentors in medical students' career decisions, but this has not been explored fully in ophthalmology. Therefore, this study evaluated ophthalmology educators' attitudes toward female mentorship, to better understand how this may relate to medical students' career development and training.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Flipped Classroom Case Learning vs Traditional Lecture-Based Learning in Medical School Ophthalmology Education: A Randomized Trial

Chan PP, Lee VWY, Yam JC, Brelén ME, Chu WK, Wan KH, Chen LJ, Tham CC, Pang CP
Apr 2023

Purpose: To address the problem of teaching noncore specialties, for which there is often limited teaching time and low student engagement, a flipped classroom case learning (FCCL) module was designed and implemented in a compulsory 5-day ophthalmology rotation for undergraduate medical students. The module consisted of a flipped classroom, online gamified clinical cases, and case-based learning.